3/12/2023 0 Comments Ema stands forIndeed, they represent a major substrate for the emergence of new functions and contribute to the birth of novel phenotypic traits that are source of adaptation and speciation. The formation of new genes is an important source of evolutionary innovation and adaptation for species ( Kaessmann 2010). Transposable elements, novel genes, vertebrates, nervous system Introduction Hence, the characterization of MSANTD2 and other Harbinger-derived genes might contribute to a better understanding of the genetic innovations having driven the early evolution of the vertebrate nervous system. Affected embryos showed dead cell accumulation, major anatomical defects characterized by impaired brain ventricle formation and alterations in expression of some characteristic genes involved in vertebrate nervous system development. MSANTD2 inactivation led to developmental delays including tail and nervous system malformation at one day post fertilization. We used CRISPR/Cas9 with direct gene knock-out in the F0 generation and the morpholino antisense oligonucleotide knock-down technique to study in zebrafish the function of one of these genes called MSANTD2, which has been suggested to be associated to neuro-developmental diseases such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia in human. In human, expression was detected in multiple organs, with major expression in the brain particularly during fetal development. In zebrafish, Harbinger-derived genes are expressed during early development but also in adult tissues, and predominantly co-expressed in male brain. Additionally, one processed pseudogene arose approx. We report the formation of four genes through molecular domestication of Harbinger transposons, three in a common ancestor of jawed vertebrates about 500 million years ago and one in sarcopterygians approx. Beyond their mutational effects, transposable elements can be co-opted by host genomes to form different types of sequences including novel genes, through a mechanism named molecular domestication. The formation of new genes is a major source of organism evolutionary innovation.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |